Ferns and Fern Allies (Pteridophyta)

These are vascular plants that reproduce by means of spores (single-celled propagules) rather than by seeds. Living pteridophytes include:

• Psilotopsida (Psilotum and Tmesipteris, exclusively sub-tropical or tropical)
• Lycopsida (Clubmosses)

• Lycopodiaceae
• Selaginellaceae
• Isoetaceae
• Equisetopsida (Horsetails)
• Equisetaceae
• Filicopsida (Ferns)

• Adiantaceae
• Aspleniaceae
• Blechnaceae
• Dennstaedtiaceae
• Ophioglossaceae
• Osmundaceae
• Polypodiaceae
• Thelypteridaceae

Information on individual families, genera, and species will be added at a later date.

Sources: Mabberley (1987), Flora of North America Editorial Committee (1993b).